See erbyn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "by the time that",
"translation": "by the time that",
"word": "erbyn pan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "one against the other",
"translation": "one against the other",
"word": "erbyn yn erbyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to meet, waiting for, towards",
"translation": "to meet, waiting for, towards",
"word": "yn erbyn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "erbyn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar bɨnn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare kʷennūi",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of the head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "erbynn"
},
"expansion": "Cornish erbynn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ar chenn",
"t": "towards, to meet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ar chenn (“towards, to meet”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”). Cognate with Cornish erbynn and Old Irish ar chenn (“towards, to meet”).",
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"against"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-erbyn-wlm-prep-pxjj6a76",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"towards, to meet"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-erbyn-wlm-prep-fMA66Lyo",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"meet",
"meet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 6 72 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in time for, by (not later than)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-erbyn-wlm-prep-UZrcKCxb",
"links": [
[
"in time",
"in time"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈerbɨn/"
}
],
"word": "erbyn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "erbyn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar-bennid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar-bennid",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar-bennid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynny",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnieis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnieist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniawð",
"links": [
[
"erbynniawð",
"erbynniawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnioch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnyeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "herbyn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnyeit",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to receive"
],
"id": "en-erbyn-wlm-verb-sErEBH0Y",
"links": [
[
"receive",
"receive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈerbɨn/"
}
],
"word": "erbyn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh prepositions",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "by the time that",
"translation": "by the time that",
"word": "erbyn pan"
},
{
"english": "one against the other",
"translation": "one against the other",
"word": "erbyn yn erbyn"
},
{
"english": "to meet, waiting for, towards",
"translation": "to meet, waiting for, towards",
"word": "yn erbyn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "erbyn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar bɨnn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare kʷennūi",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of the head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "erbynn"
},
"expansion": "Cornish erbynn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ar chenn",
"t": "towards, to meet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ar chenn (“towards, to meet”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”). Cognate with Cornish erbynn and Old Irish ar chenn (“towards, to meet”).",
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"against"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"towards, to meet"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"meet",
"meet"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in time for, by (not later than)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"in time",
"in time"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈerbɨn/"
}
],
"word": "erbyn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "erbyn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar-bennid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar-bennid",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar-bennid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynny",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnieis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnieist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniawð",
"links": [
[
"erbynniawð",
"erbynniawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnioch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynniwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnyeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "erbyn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "herbyn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "erbynnyeit",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to receive"
],
"links": [
[
"receive",
"receive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈerbɨn/"
}
],
"word": "erbyn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for erbyn meaning in Middle Welsh (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, erbyn/Middle Welsh",
"path": [
"erbyn"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "erbyn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfect indicative'",
"path": [
"erbyn"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "erbyn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: erbyn/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"erbyn"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "erbyn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: erbyn/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"erbyn"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "erbyn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.